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Purpose

KRAS is the most commonly mutated driver oncogene in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sotorasib and adagrasib, KRAS^G12C inhibitors, have been granted accelerated U.S. approval; however, hepatotoxicity is a common side effect with higher rates in patients treated with sotorasib proximal to checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of adagrasib after discontinuation of sotorasib because of treatment-related grade 3 hepatotoxicity through real-world and clinical cases.

Methods

Medical records from five patients treated in real-world settings were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had locally advanced or metastatic KRAS^G12C-mutated NSCLC and received adagrasib after sotorasib in the absence of extracranial disease progression. Additional data were collected for 12 patients with KRAS^G12C-mutated NSCLC enrolled in a phase Ib cohort of the KRYSTAL-1 study and previously treated with sotorasib. The end points associated with both drugs included timing and severity of hepatotoxicity, best overall response, and duration of therapy.

Results

All patients were treated with CPIs followed by sotorasib (initiated 0-64 days after CPI). All five real-world patients experienced hepatotoxicity with sotorasib that led to treatment discontinuation, whereas none experienced treatment-related hepatotoxicity with subsequent adagrasib treatment. Three patients from KRYSTAL-1 transitioned from sotorasib to adagrasib because of hepatotoxicity; one experienced grade 3 ALT elevation on adagrasib that resolved with therapy interruption and dose reduction.

Conclusion

Adagrasib may have a distinct hepatotoxicity profile from sotorasib and is more easily combined with CPIs either sequentially or concurrently. These differences may be used to inform clinical decisions regarding an initial KRAS^G12C inhibitor for patients who recently discontinued a CPI or experience hepatotoxicity on sotorasib.

Read a Q&A related to the study here.