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Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I payload that targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). T-DXd is approved for patients with previously treated HER2-positive or HER2-low (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH−) metastatic/unresectable breast cancer (BC).

In a second-line HER2-positive metastatic BC (mBC) population (DESTINY-Breast03 [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ]), T-DXd demonstrated significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) over ado-trastuzumab emtansine (12-month rate: 75.8% vs 34.1%; hazard ratio 0.28, P<0.001), and in patients with HER2-low mBC treated with one prior line of chemotherapy (DESTINY-Breast04 [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ]), T-DXd demonstrated significantly longer PFS and overall survival than physician's choice of chemotherapy (10.1 vs 5.4 months; hazard ratio 0.51, P<0.001, and 23.4 vs 16.8 month, hazard ratio 0.64, P<0.001, respectively).

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a group of diseases characterized by lung injury including pneumonitis, which can lead to irreversible lung fibrosis. ILD is a well-described adverse event associated with certain anticancer therapies, including T-DXd. An important part of T-DXd therapy for mBC consists of monitoring for and managing ILD. Although information on ILD management strategies is included in the prescribing information, additional information on patient selection, monitoring, and treatment can be beneficial in routine clinical practice.

The objective of this review is to describe real-world, multidisciplinary clinical practices and institutional protocols used for patient selection/screening, monitoring, and management related to T-DXd–associated ILD.

Read an interview about the review here and expert commentary related to it here.